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Henry VIII, son of Henry VII (Henry Tudor) and Elizabeth of York, ascended to the throne of England at the age of eighteen on April 22, 1509. He was married to Catherine of Aragon, daughter of Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain on June 11 and both were crowned on June 24. Henry was an eighteen-year-old youth when he was crowned. His father’s throne was not secure, and by the time Henry ascended, although there were tireless efforts made by his father to secure it, it was still not completely safe. Henry VII took his crown from the battlefield on which he defeated and killed Richard III in 1485 at Bosworth. His claim to the throne was weak,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and many doubted it was legitimate. There were many who had a more stable claim and thus Henry VII set out to rid his kingdom of the other claimants. By the time Henry VIII ascended, most of the competitors were gone.Henry VIII did not have a strong interest in politics and decision-making at the beginning of his reign. He was more interested, as can be expected of a young man his age, in sporting, hunting, and dancing; three things that the young king did remarkably well. He left the more mundane tasks to a few trusted advisors. In the beginning,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], his closest and most influential advisors were William Warham, archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Howard, earl of Surrey, and Bishop Richard Foxe. After 1514, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey played a large role in policy-making in Henry’s government, and was a strong figure at Henry’s court.
Foreign Policy in Early Reign of Henry VIII
Henry VIII, the English king who reigned from 1509 to his death in 1547, is most often remembered for his overgrown waistline, his six wives, and his frightening temper. Although those characteristics were certainly true of the later years of his life and reign, the beginning was quite different. There were very many aspects of the early reign of Henry VIII that were vital in understanding who he was as a person and as a king. Thus when considering his reign as a whole, it is key that the beginning not be overlooked, which it often is.
Henry proved himself to be an effective military leader in 1513 at the age of twenty-two. Despite his councilor’s efforts to persuade him against it, he led an army of 11,000 men to Calais to begin a campaign against the French. There he won several battles including that of Therouanne and Tournai. At home in England at the same time, the Earl of Surrey was forced to fight an invading Scottish force (an ally of the French) in the north. However,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], despite the absence of their king, the English forces were victorious at the battle of Flodden. Ten thousand Scotsmen were killed, including their king James IV.
An important aspect of Henry’s early reign was his allegiance to the Pope and his anti-Lutheran sentiment. Henry VIII is often labeled as a Protestant because of the break from the Catholic Church in England which occurred during his reign. However, during the first half of his reign, he was a devout and proud Catholic which was evident in his Assertio Septem Sacramentorum (Defense of the Seven Sacraments) which he began writing in 1518. The pamphlet, which was written as a response to Martin Luther’s anti-papal writings, attacked Lut
View of Henry VIII on Religion and Catholicism
Succession of Henry VIII
Although he was not fond of day-to-day government affairs, he was committed to delivering his kingdom from its reputation as a backwater country surrounded by water with no link to the modern world. Henry made notable efforts to be involved with his European neighbors and to show that he and his realm were to be taken seriously as influential and important players on the world stage. Europe was entering a renaissance and he was not to be left behind. In 1511 he supported Ferdinand of Aragon (his wife’s father) in his conquest against the Moors in Spain. That same year he joined Pope Julius II, Venice, and Spain in the Holy League against France.
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